January 2020
Thank you - I had the same issue and it was solved with this. Now Origin opens normally, as it should.
February 2020
This isssue was fixed two Origin patches ago; Origin is no longer blocked by Catalina's security settings.
If you still can't open Origin, click the Apple icon in the upper left corner of your screen, select System Preferences, then Security & Privacy, click the lock to allow changes, and enter your computer's password. Then make sure you're allowing applications downloaded from both the App Store and identified developers, or just click the option to manually allow Origin to open.
You do need an administrator password to change security settings, so if you're not the admin on your Mac, please ask that person to do this for you.