The error you're refering to is very commonly caused by a storage device compatability problem.
windows 8 and 8.1 carry a lot of changes to data access, and some storage devices, particularly ssd's, do not carry over a compatable firmware. Most of these drives require a firmware update in order to cooperate with 8 or 8.1 (in some cases 8 may be supported, while 8.1 isn't without an update)
so i'd start there. Are you having problems in just BF4? or is it happening randomly all the time? Just because windows 8.1 works normally other than with BF4, it doesn't mean its not your problem. It can be very difficult to track the bug down, especially if you have multiple storage drives. I'd make sure all your storage drivers are updated to fully support 8.1
last, but not least, make sure you have the latest BIOS available for your motherboard. The full release of 8.1 recently brought new BIOS updates from nearly every mobo manufacturer. This at least will give you some stuff to mess with while waiting for a more informative response...
